S&P, Moody's, and Fitch are all rating agencies that gather up information about bonds and the companies that issue them. They release ratings about the relative strengths of individual bonds so that investors can make better decisions.
Rating agencies look at things like the financials of a bond issuer, debt loads, and indicators. If a bond is ranked high, there is a low chance of default, meaning that the company or issuer will probably pay you what they're supposed to and you won't lose your money. Lower ratings mean bigger risks.
In the S&P world, BBB is the highest rating for an "investment grade" bond. Anything lower than BBB is considered a junk bond.
Caveat emptor. (That's Latin for "read the fine print.")
Related or Semi-related Video
Finance: What is the Arms Short Term Tra...13 Views
finance a la shmoop what is the Arms Short Term Trading Index not to be
confused with the short arms term trading index a run by this guy all [Man with dinosaur for a head sitting at a desk]
right Richard Arms invented it in the 70s and then a journalist cleverly
renamed it Trin.... short for trading index very clever
yeah well Trin as in Rin Tin is just an index for the advanced decline ratio in
the stock market and if you haven't seen our video on it oh well you should we've
had George Clooney of fortune so directed the computation of the Trin [George Clooney directing a show]
looks like this Trin equals advanced issues divided by declining issues all
over advanced volume divided by declining volume....
So note that this equation maps volume as an element of the computation so it's
meaningfully more useful than just the vanilla advanced decline ratio and hey [Man discussing equation]
just keeping it real their advanced decline ratio we love you but you're [Advanced decline ratio laying on sofa eating doughnuts]
just not as good all right well so if we compute things we get a value of 1 and
well that's good or rather a bullish sign that the market "wants to go
up" above one is bearish and at premiums of 30 40 50 percent ie [Bear walking by a river]
calculations of 0.5 very bullish to 1.5 very bearish well those are signs that
have been validated by actual market performance over time well why would we
care about this calculation in the first place, well if we get the answer right as [Man staring at a crystal ball]
to where the markets going well you know we can make a fortune
yeah ask Warren Buffett... [Warren eating dinner]
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