Quote 1
It was [Godbole's] duty, as it was his desire, to place himself in the position of the God and to love her, and to place himself in her position and to say to the God, "Come, come, come, come." (3.33.8)
Godbole basically personifies Hinduism in the novel. His embrace of all people, things, even gods exemplifies the Hindu attitude described in Quote #7.
Quote 2
"[…] All perform a good action, when one is performed, and when an evil action is performed, all perform it [….] Good and evil are different, as their names imply. But, in my own humble opinion, they are both of them aspects of my Lord. He is present in the one, absent in the other, and the difference between presence and absence is great, as great as my feeble mind can grasp. Yet absence implies presence, absence is not non-existence, and we are therefore entitled to repeat, 'Come, come, come, come.'" (2.19.45, 50)
Godbole's ethical philosophy presented here sounds like a huge muddle. We normally think of good and evil as polar opposites; how could they both be "aspects" of God? How can presence and absence, another set of opposites, be different and the same at the same time? When Godbole says that "absence is not non-existence," he's not totally off his rocker. For example, just because your classmate is absent from class does not mean that he doesn't exist. He's just not existing in a place where you can see him. What Godbole is offering here is a way of looking at the world that includes, rather than excludes, the muddle, a way of looking at the world that doesn't deny that the muddle exists, but embraces the muddle as a necessary part of life.