See: Public Good.
Throw your ideas of privacy out your window. But not your clothes. You can keep those on.
Private goods are goods that are bought and consumed, and when they’re consumed, it prevents someone else from consuming it. When you buy popcorn and Sour Patch Kids at the movies, these are private goods. You’re buying them, and you consume them, which prevents others from consuming them. Sharing with your friend still makes it a private good, since the good is “excludable.”
What’s a good that’s non-excludable? A fireworks show. Some people pay to see the fireworks show, and get let into the little gated area with the best seating. Yet others can stand in the right places outside of the paid, gated area, and still “consume” the good, for free. Yep, free riders. Where there are free riders there are non-excludable goods.
Those who did pay aren’t having a lesser fireworks show because of the free riders. That means it’s also non-rivalrous, since many people can enjoy a fireworks show.
Some rando at the movies couldn’t consume your popcorn without directly taking it from you though, unlike the fireworks show. Popcorn is a rivalrous good; only one person can have each piece of popcorn.
When there are limits to who can consume something, it’s rivalrous. When others are excluded from consumption because you bought it, it’s excludable. Excludable and rivalrous = private good. Clothes, parking spaces, and food are all private goods: you have to buy them, and only so many people get use out of them at a time.
Private goods contrast with public goods, which are non-excludable (free), and non-rivalrous (consuming by one doesn’t lessen consumption by another). Like public parks.
Related or Semi-related Video
![Econ: What are Government Purchases of Goods and Services?](https://media1.shmoop.com/video/thumbnails/ECON.FINANCE.342_770x433.jpg)
Econ: What are Government Purchases of G...1 Views
And finance Allah Shmoop What Our government purchases of goods
and services Okay people The U S Economy is big
big I tell you Big eighteen trillion dollars big and
told a lot of Big Macs Dizzy Plus she's from
Amazon and Netflix subscription Yeah it's all counted in there
Well who's buying all that stuff All of us of
course but the biggest single customer Well you can probably
guess where we're going with this one from the title
of the video but we'll get back to that in
a second The first couple of basic So you know
what we're talking about The U S economy is measured
in GDP an acronym that stands for gross domestic product
You have you ever seen a baby being born That's
pretty gross domestic product but well that's not what we're
talking about here The GDP We're talking about measures all
the stuff produced in a country All the products made
and all the services rendered its the grand accounting of
what every American does at work every day and like
an example of a service is rendered would be like
an accountant sending you a bill for four hours of
doing your taxes like that's a service But who's buying
all that stuff we make Well on the other end
of the GDP number is all a bunch of people
paying money for all those Big Macs and Disney Plus
she's and subscriptions to Netflix All right now back to
the original question Who is the biggest single customer for
all this stuff No not your hoarder Aunt Millie It's
the federal government Uh all right Now collectively the biggest
customer is well all of us each one of us
buying Starbucks frappes on the way home from work and
ordering Captain America T shirts at three a M And
Gas and Millie subscribing to forty five different magazines that
she actually has physically delivered to her house on dead
trees That's called consumer spending It makes up the biggest
part of the U S GDP and collectively consumer spending
makes up About two thirds of the economy specifically represents
about twelve point eight trillion dollars of the eighteen point
six trillion dollars total of GDP in two thousand eighteen
here But none of us individually make a big dent
on our own It takes a village to buy all
that stuff The other third of the economy is split
pretty evenly between government and business spending In fact government
has the slight edge there representing three point three trillion
dollars worth of GDP purchases By comparison businesses ill spent
just under three point one trillion ish last year So
governments in general fueled about a sixth of total purchases
in the economy that counts all levels of government federal
state and local So that's government spending on goods and
services It's an economic stat that tracks the government contribution
to gross domestic product Think of GDP is a simple
equation It consists of consumer spending plus business spending plus
government spending plus net exports right net exports representing the
amount of U S goods and services bought by people
overseas Minus the foreign stuff you know we buy from
them That's what net Well there are some things keep
in mind about government spending we're talking about here There
are a few big chunks of government budgets that don't
really fit into the equation For instance this kind of
government spending doesn't count interest payments on the debt Those
debt service payments equate to about six percent of the
federal budget huge number It also doesn't count what's called
transfer payments well This category includes things like Social Security
payments where the government just sent someone to check You
know money is simply transferred from the government's bank account
then to someone else's Well the figure is only looking
in situations where the government directly buys a good or
a service meaning the government's contribution to G P Right
now Well it's a figure included Social Security payments Well
then the amount would get counted twice right once when
the government sent the money and a second time when
the person went out and you know about food with
it Well to avoid that double counting transfer payments are
left out of the figure Okay quick review People care
about government purchases of goods and services because well it's
a major contributor to GDP which measures overall economic production
It includes all the government purchases of all levels However
the stats also include a breakdown of federal spending versus
spending it state and local levels Not everything in government
budget you are included The stats don't include debt service
They also don't include what's called transfer payments you know
things like Social Security and other similar welfare payments While
consumer spending makes up the biggest chunk of GDP with
the two third share the federal government makes up the
biggest single purchaser Yeah even if Aunt Millie gives it 00:04:20.922 --> [endTime] a run for the money
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