Context

This Solomon dude really knew his stuff.

He was a real wise guy (in a good way), and he wrote Proverbs to pass on some of his knowledge to us normal people. This verse is his way of cautioning people (especially smarty-pants) to not get caught up in their own egos.

He's basically saying that God knows everything and we only know a little, so we should trust that God knows what he's doing. No matter how smart we get, we won't beat God in Jeopardy! anytime soon.

Where you've heard it

This quote doesn't get thrown out a lot in non-religious contexts unless you get In-N-Out Burger milkshakes a lot. This quote is referenced on the cup. Maybe it's so you can get the wisdom of King Solomon in your brain while it's getting frozen. (No Shazam required.)

Pretentious Factor

If you were to drop this quote at a dinner party, would you get an in-unison "awww" or would everyone roll their eyes and never invite you back? Here it is, on a scale of 1-10.

Bible verses are usually taken out of context, so tossing one out will most likely get you a sneer or an, "Um, I don't think that's what that means." So no, it's not a good idea to tell your teacher you failed the test because you weren't leaning on your own understanding.