Number of Spaniards in Spain in 1492: 6 to 7 million¹

Number of Native Americans in America in 1492: 75 to 100 million²

Native population of the Island of Hispaniola (the island that now comprises Haiti and the Dominican Republic) in 1492: 1 million³

Native population of Hispaniola in 1500: 500⁴

Major plants brought to the Old World from the New: corn, potatoes, tobacco, tomatoes, cassava, chocolate

Major plants and animals brought to the New World from the Old: sugarcane, horses, cows, pigs, goats, bananas

Number of Missions founded in California: 21

Distance between Mission San Diego and the Mission at Sonoma: 650 miles

Number of Spaniards who emigrated from Spain to the New World between 1500 and 1650: 450,000⁵