In the English language, we've got phrases and we've got sentences. A phrase is a string of words that expresses a thought but doesn't form a complete sentence. A sentence is a grammatically correct string of words that includes both a subject and a verb. This is a sentence. Phrase over here.
Some Phrases
1. "the fat cat"
2. "purple feathers"
3. "upon the mountain"
4. "the bald eagle"
Some Sentences
1. "The fat cat liked mice."
2. "The bird has purple feathers."
3. "The hermit lived upon the mountain."
4. "The bald eagle was disappointed to find that the Rogaine wasn't working."
Not every string of words is a phrase or sentence. Some strings of words are nonsense. Like a good majority of the poppycock that comes twaddling out of our claptraps.
Some Nonsense
1. "fish dog cat and the"
2. "like swim eat chocolate"
3. "so if but or to"
We apologize if any of these look suspiciously like the text messages you send on a daily basis. We also apologize if the non-phrase "like swim eat chocolate" is ever the heading on your future online dating profile.
In algebra, instead of phrases and sentences, we have expressions and equations. An expression is a string of mathematical symbols representing a quantity. An equation is a string of mathematical symbols stating the equality of two expressions. Therefore, an expression is like a phrase and an equation is like a sentence. Instead of subjects and verbs, we have constants and variables. Instead of punctuation, we have symbols. We could go on like this all day.
Some Expressions
1. x
2. 3y + 2x − 45(6 − x)2
3. 0
Some Equations
1. x = 2
2. 4x = 20
3. 3x + 10y − 12 = 0
Notice that expressions do not have equal signs, while equations must have equal signs. An equation is a statement that two expressions have the same value, and the equal sign is a necessity. "Equation" even starts with the same letters as "equal," which should be a good clue.
In order to be an expression or equation, the string of symbols must make sense. Catch you drift our?
Some Nonsense
1. xy − + − 34
2. + + +
3. x 2 ÷ ( ( (
The pieces of an expression separated by + and − signs are called terms. A term will be positive if it follows a + sign and negative if it follows a − sign. When we break an expression into terms, we need to be careful to keep the negative signs in front of terms that are being subtracted. We also need to be careful not to get our thumb in the way when we're striking it with our ball-peen hammer.
Sample Problems
1. In the expression 3x + 2, the terms are 3x and 2.
2. In the expression 3x − 2, the terms are 3x and -2. That's because 3x − 2 means 3x + (-2). Don't forget that there's actually a plus sign in front of positive numbers, even if we can't always see them. We knew we never should have given them that cloak of invisibility.
3. The terms in the expression 
are 5x, 3y2, and 
.
Expressions that are multiplied together are called factors. You 'll need to come to grips with this information—it's just one of the factors of life.
Sample Problems
1. In the expression 3x, 3 and x are both factors.
2. In the expression (3 − x)(2y2 + 9), (3 − x) and (2y2 + 9) are both factors.
3. 5, x, and y are all factors of 5xy.
Exercise 1
Is the following an expression, an equation, or nonsense?
x + y – 3xyz
Exercise 2
Is the following an expression, an equation, or nonsense?
6 + 7 –
Exercise 3
Is the following an expression, an equation, or nonsense?
5x = 19
Exercise 4
Identify the terms in the following expression:
7 + 8x
Exercise 5
Identify the terms in the following expression:
xy2 – 67 + 3y
Exercise 6
Identify the terms in the following expression:
-42x – 11x2
Exercise 7
Find the factors in the following expression:
(x – 2)(3 + y)
Exercise 8
Find the factors in the following expression:
4(xyz – 22 + z)