The Supreme Being mentioned in Preamble.2 sounds like a totally sci-fi concept: something between the Force from Star Wars and Bokonon from Cat's Cradle.

But it's actually much less fantastical: it's a common symbol of Deism and Freemasonry.

While most religions have some Supreme Being/ God that's worshiped above all else, the authors of the Declaration were likely referring to something more specific. Deists tend to believe that there is a Supreme Being who created the universe, but that this Supreme Being guy/gal doesn't intervene in what's going on down on earth.

This isn't a God who talks to people, lights bushes on fire, or causes floods when s/he gets angry. The Deist Supreme Being is just there watching over all of us (in a not at all creepy way). Lafayette and Jefferson dabbled in Deism and were aware of the symbol they were using instead of naming the Judeo-Christian God.

The Freemasons, who at the time were often Deists too, also use the term Supreme Being. Lafayette was a member of the pseudo-secret society known as the Freemason's and as such would have had to swear his belief in a Supreme Being—it's something you had to do to get into the club.

They wanted to exclude atheists, but at the same time were using the symbol of a new hands-off style of God. They often visually depicted the Supreme Being as an all-seeing eye in a pyramid, which still appears on U.S. currency.