In-Text References

Historical and Political References

Revolutions in Mexico (1810), Venezuela (1811), and Argentina (1816) (16-17, 23-25)

The Convention of 1824 (1, 3): Russia and the United States were disputing Russia's claims on the Pacific Northwest. The Czar had claimed the entire coast from Washington through Alaska in 1821, and it took several years for the two countries to come to an agreement. Negotiations were still going on when Monroe gave his address to Congress. 

Spanish Civil War of 1820/Franco-Spanish War of 1823 (5-6, 18-19): Spain had been in a civil war since 1820 because a large group of people wanted liberal reforms from King Ferdinand VII after his restoration to the throne post-Napoleon. Eventually France came in and took over (again) until the king was allowed to return. 

References to This Text

Historical and Political References

James K. Polk, First Annual Message to Congress (December 2nd, 1845)

Grover Cleveland, Message Regarding Venezuelan-British Dispute (December 17th, 1895): President Cleveland persuaded Britain to agree to mediation in a border dispute between Venezuela and British Guyana, threatening war if they didn't agree. 

Theodore Roosevelt, Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (December 6th, 1905)

John F. Kennedy, News Conference (August 29th, 1962): In response to a question from a reporter about what the Monroe Doctrine means to him, JFK reaffirms its original meaning and says the doctrine is why the U.S. has cut off trade with Cuba. His television address on the Cuban Missile Crisis evokes the Monroe Doctrine, but doesn't mention it by name.

Pop Culture References

J. B. Webster, "Get Out of Mexico!" (1866): This song, written in response to France putting Emperor Maximilian on the throne of Mexico, supports Mexican efforts (with U.S. help) to restore President Benito Juárez to his position. It includes the fun lyric "Now, political tradition, / Since the time of James Monroe, / Had prevented interference / In affairs of Mexico." (Source)

Not sure why Taylor Swift hasn't covered this one yet…

New York Herald, "Uncle Sam: That's a Live Wire, Gentlemen!" (December 16th, 1902): This cartoon was drawn during the Venezuela crisis and shows Uncle Sam keeping Germany and Britain at a distance, over the "live wire" that is the Monroe Doctrine.