¹ James Henretta, "The 'Market' in the Early Republic," Journal of the Early Republic 18 (Summer 1998).

² Elliot Gorn, The Manly Art: Bare-Knuckle Prize Fighting in America (Ithaca: Cornell University, 1986), 39.

³ Robert Dalzell, Jr., Enterprising Elite: The Boston Associates and the World They Made (New York: W.W. Norton, 1987), 47.

⁴ Cathy Matson, The Economy of Early America: Historical Perspectives and New Directions (University Park: Penn State Press, 2006), 269

⁵ Charles Sellers, The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 41-43.

⁶ Paul E. Johnson, A Shopkeeper's Millennium: Society and Revivals in Rochester, New York, 1815-1837 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1978), 18

⁷ Bernard Bailyn, et al, The Great Republic: A History of the American People (Lexington, Mass., D.C. Heath and Company, 1985), 293.

⁸ James Willis, Martin Primack, The Economic History of the United States (San Francisco: Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Co., 1980), ch. 7.

⁹ Bernard Bailyn, et al, The Great Republic: A History of the American People (Lexington, Mass., D.C. Heath and Company, 1985), 295.

¹⁰ Stanley Engerman, Robert Gallman, The Cambridge Economic History of the United States (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 1: 397.

¹¹ James Henretta, "The 'Market' in the Early Republic," Journal of the Early Republic 18 (Summer 1998).

¹² James Henretta, "The 'Market' in the Early Republic," Journal of the Early Republic 18 (Summer 1998).

¹³ James Willis, Martin Primack, The Economic History of the United States (San Francisco: Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Co., 1980), ch. 7.

¹⁴ Stuart Bruchey, The Growth of the Modern American Economy (New York: Dodd, Mead, and Co., 1975), 1-37.

¹⁵ Charles Sellers, The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 52.

¹⁶ Charles Sellers, The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 41-43.

¹⁷ Charles Sellers, The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 44.

¹⁸ Charles Sellers, The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 42-43.

¹⁹ Cathy Matson, The Economy of Early America: Historical Perspectives and New Directions (University Park: Penn State Press, 2006), 269.

²⁰ See Elliot J. Gorn, The Manly Art: Bare-Knuckle Prize Fighting in America (Ithaca: Cornell University, 1986).

²¹ See Jeanne Boydston, "The Woman Who Wasn't There: Women's Market Labor and the Transition to Capitalism in the United States," in Paul A. Gilje, ed., Wages of Independence: Capitalism in the Early American Republic (Madison: Madison House Publishers, 1997), 23-48.

²² Nathan Hatch, The Democratization of American Christianity (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989), 144.

²³ Ronald Walters, American Reformers, 1815-1860 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1978), 45.

²⁴ "History of the Canal," available online at: http://helenandpaul.net/blog/post/2008/06/History-of-the-Canal-and-some-fun-canal-trivia.aspx.

²⁵ "History of the Canal," available online at: http://helenandpaul.net/blog/post/2008/06/History-of-the-Canal-and-some-fun-canal-trivia.aspx.

²⁶ Quoted in Charles Sellers, The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 52.

²⁷ Sylvester Graham, Lectures on the Science of Human Life (London: Horsell and Shirrefs, 1851), 391.

²⁸ Peter L. Bernstein, Wedding of the Waters: The Erie Canal and the Making of a Great Nation (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2005), 321.

²⁹ Ralph Keyes, The Quote Verifier: Who Said What, Where, and When (New York: Macmillan, 2006), 181.

³⁰ Garth M. Rosell and Richard A.G. DuPuis, eds., A Memoir of Charles G. Finney: The Complete and Restored Text (Academic Books, 1989), 23-24.