Bonding

1. If a neutral atom gains an electron it becomes a(n)

a) covalent bond
b) ionic bond
c) cation
d) anion
e) valence electron

2. The molecule C₆H₁₂O₆ has what kind of bonding?

a) Valence bonding
b) Ionic bonding
c) Covalent bonding
d) Electron bonding
e) No bonding

3. In an ionic bond, the two atoms have ____________ charges.

a) positive
b) negative
c) the same
d) opposite
e) increasing

4. When two non-metals form a chemical bond it is called:

a) Non-metallic bond
b) Metallic bond
c) Ionic bond
d) Covalent bond
e) Hydrogen bond

5. Which of the following is true regarding covalent bonds?

a) They occur between non-metal atoms.
b) They result in atoms sharing electrons.
c) They result in atoms completing their valence electron shells.
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

The Role of Electrons

1. Oxygen is a fairly reactive element while Argon is not. This is because:

a) Oxygen has a full valence shell of electrons
b) Argon has a full valence shell of electrons
c) Oxygen is a halogen
d) Argon is a halogen
e) Oxygen is a noble gas

2. How many lone electron pairs are in the molecule CH₃OH?

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
e) 4

3. How many lone electron pairs are in the molecule NH₃?

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
e) 4

4. How many lone electron pairs are in the molecule CO₂?

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
e) 4

5. How many lone electron pairs are in the molecule C₂H₄?

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
e) 4

6. Why is the H₂ molecule more stable than two separate hydrogen atoms?

a) The ionic bonding stabilizes the H₂ molecule.
b) The ionic bonding completes the valence electron shell of the H₂ molecule.
c) The covalent bonding stabilizes the H₂ molecule.
d) The covalent bonding completes the valence electron shell of the H₂ molecule.
e) The H₂ molecule is not stable.

Alkanes

1. What is the name of this alkane?



a) 3 ethylpentane
b) 2,3 dimethlypentane
c) 2 methyl-, 3-ethlyhexane
d) 2 methylbutane
e) 2 methyl-, 3 ethlypentane

2. What is the name of this alkane?



a) 3 ethylpentane
b) 2,3 dimethlypentane
c) 2 methyl-, 3-ethlyhexane
d) 2 methylbutane
e) 2 methyl-, 3 ethlypentane

3. What is the name of this alkane?



a) 3 ethylpentane
b) 2,3 dimethlypentane
c) 2 methyl-, 3-ethlyhexane
d) 2 methylbutane
e) 2 methyl-, 3 ethlypentane

4. What is the name of this alkane?



a) 3-ethylpentane
b) 2,3 dimethlypentane
c) 2 methyl-, 3-ethlyhexane
d) 2 methylbutane
e) 2 methyl-, 3 ethlypentane

5. What is the name of this alkane?



a) 3-bromo-, 5 methylhexane
b) 2,4 dimethlyhexane
c) 2,4 dibromohexane
d) 2 methylhexane
e) 2 methyl-, 4-bromohexane 

Alkenes

1. What is the name of this alkene?



a) 1 bromo-, 3 methyl-, 1,4 heptene
b) 3 methyl-, 5 bromoheptene
c) 2 hexene
d) 2 methyl-, 2 alkene
e) 3 methyl-, 1,4 octene

2. What is the name of this alkene?



a) 1 bromo-, 3 methyl-, 1,4 heptene
b) 3 methyl-, 5 bromoheptene
c) 2 hexene
d) 2 methyl-, 2 alkene
e) 3 methy-l, 1,4 octene

3. What is the name of this alkene?



a) 1 bromo-, 3 methyl-, 1,4 heptene
b) 3 methyl-, 5 bromoheptene
c) 2 hexene
d) 2 methyl-, 2 alkene
e) 3 methyl-, 1,4 octene

4. What is the name of this alkene?



a) 1 bromo-, 3 methyl-, 1,4 heptene
b) 3 methy-l, 5 bromoheptene
c) 2 hexene
d) 2 methyl-, 2 alkene
e) 3,7 dimethyl-, 4 octene

5. What is the name of this alkene?



a) 1 bromo-, 3 methyl-, heptene
b) 3 methyl-, 5 bromoheptene
c) 2 hexene
d) 2 methyl-, 2 alkene
e) 3 methyl-, 1,4 octene 

Alkynes

1. What is the name of this alkyne?



a) propyne
b) 3 methyl-, 2 pentyne
c) 1 bromo-, 3 methyl-, 4 heptyne
d) 2 pentyne
e) 2 methyl-, 2 butyne

2. What is the name of this alkyne?



a) propyne
b) 3 methyl-, 2 pentyne
c) 1 bromo-, 3 methyl-, 4 heptyne
d) 2 pentyne
e) 2 methyl-, 2 butyne

3. What is the name of this alkyne?



a) propyne
b) 3 methyl-, 2 pentyne
c) 1 bromo-, 3 methyl-, 4 heptyne
d) 2 pentyne
e) 2 methyl-, 2 butyne

4. What is the name of this alkyne?



a) propyne
b) 3 methyl-, 2 pentyne
c) 1 bromo-, 3 methyl-, 4 heptyne
d) 2 pentyne
e) 2 methyl-, 2 butyne

5. What is the name of this alkyne?



a) propyne
b) 3 methyl-, 2 pentyne
c) 1 bromo-, 3 methyl-, 4 heptyne
d) 2 pentyne
e) 2 methyl-, 2 butyne 

Structural Formulas and Isomers

1. Which of the following is not an isomer of hexane?

a) 2-methylpentane
b) 3-methylpentane
c) 2,3-dimethylbutane
d) 2,2-dimethylbutane
e) 1,4-dimethylpentane

2. Which of the following is not an isomer of bromopentane?

a) 2- bromopentane
b) 3- bromopentane
c) 1 bromo-, 3 methylbutane
d) 2 bromo-, 3 methylbutane
e) 1,4-dimethylpentane

3. Which of the following is an isomer of butanol?

a) 2-butanol
b) 2-methyl-1-proponal
c) 2-methyl-1-proponal
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

4. Which of the following is not an isomer of heptane?

a) 2-methylhexane
b) 3-methylhexane
c) 2,3-methylhexane
d) 2,3-dimethylpentane
e) 2,4-dimethylpentane


5. Which of the following is not an isomer of octane?

a) 3-methylheptane
b) 4-methylheptane
c) 3-ethylheptane
d) 2,5-dimethylhexane
e) 3,4-dimethylhexane

Functional Groups

Match the functional group to its structural diagram:



a) Ketone
b) Aldehyde
c) Ether
d) Ester
e) Carboxylic acid 

Macromolecules

Match the macromolecule to its structural diagram:

 

a) Protein
b) Sugar
c) Nucleotide
d) Saturated fatty acid
e) Unsaturated fatty acid 

Answers

Bonding

1. If a neutral atom gains an electron it becomes a(n)

d) anion

Gaining an electron results in a once neutral atom having a net negative charge. Negatively charged ions are called anions.

2. The molecule C₆H₁₂O₆ has what kind of bonding?

c) Covalent bonding

C₆H₁₂O₆ contains no ions, making it the perfect candidate for covalent bonding.

3. In an ionic bond, the two atoms have ____________ charges.

d) opposite

Remember, ionic bonds are like refrigerator magnets: opposite charges attract.

4. When two non-metals form a chemical bond it is called:

d) Covalent bond

Covalent bonds occur between nonmetals. Ionic bonds occur between a metal and a non-metal.

5. Which of the following is true regarding covalent bonds?

a) They occur between non-metal atoms.
b) They result in atoms sharing electrons.
c) They result in atoms completing their valence electron shells.
d) All of the above

This question describes the definition of a covalent bond across three answer choices. Covalent bonds occur between non-metal and non-charges atoms, covalent bonds happen when atoms share electrons, and covalent bonds result in molecules filling their valence electron shell.

The Role of Electrons

1. Oxygen is a fairly reactive element while Argon is not. This is because:

b) Argon has a full valence shell of electrons

Oxygen needs to gain two electrons to become like the nearest noble gas, neon, with a full octet of electrons. Argon has a full outer shell of electrons, so there's no need for it to react with any other atoms.

2. How many lone electron pairs are in the molecule CH₃OH?

c) 2

A Lewis dot diagram shows that there are 2 lone electron pairs (4 electrons total).



3. How many lone electron pairs are in the molecule NH₃?

b) 1

A Lewis dot diagram shows that there is 1 lone electron pair (2 electrons total).



4. How many lone electron pairs are in the molecule CO₂?

e) 4
A Lewis dot diagram shows that there are 4 lone electron pairs (8 electrons total).



5. How many lone electron pairs are in the molecule C₂H₄?

a) 0

A Lewis dot diagram shows that there are no lone electron pairs.



6. Why is the H₂ molecule more stable than two separate hydrogen atoms?

d) The covalent bonding completes the valence electron shell of the H₂ molecule.

Alkanes

1. What is the name of this alkane?



d) 2 methylbutane

The longest carbon chain is 4 carbons, making this a butane. A methyl group is on the second carbon.

2. What is the name of this alkane?



a) 3 ethylpentane

The longest carbon chain is 5 carbons, making this a pentane. An ethyl group is on the third carbon.

3. What is the name of this alkane?



c) 2 methyl-, 3-ethlyhexane

The longest carbon chain is 6 carbons, making this a hexane. A methyl group is on the second carbon, and an ethyl group is on the third carbon.

4. What is the name of this alkane?



b) 2,3 dimethlypentane

The longest carbon chain is 5 carbons, making this a pentane. A methyl group is on the second carbon and third carbon.

5. What is the name of this alkane?



e) 2 methyl-, 4-bromohexane

The longest carbon chain is 6 carbons, making this a hexane. A methyl group is on the second carbon and a bromide atom is on the fourth carbon. Alkanes are always named with any side groups given the lowest number carbon as possible.

Alkenes

1. What is the name of this alkene?



c) 2 hexene

The longest carbon chain is 6 carbons, making this a hexene. The double bond comes after the second carbon.

2. What is the name of this alkene?



d) 2 methyl-, 2 alkene

The longest carbon chain is 4 carbons, making this a butene. A methyl group is on the second carbon and the double bond follows the second carbon.

3. What is the name of this alkene?



b) 3 methyl-, 5 bromoheptene

The longest carbon chain is 7 carbons, making this a heptene. A methyl group is on the third carbon and a bromide atom is on the fifth carbon. The double bond comes after the first carbon and that makes it "understood," so it does not need to be noted.

4. What is the name of this alkene?



e) 3,7 dimethyl-, 4 octene

The longest carbon chain is 8 carbons, making this an octene. A methyl group is on the third and seventh carbon and the double bond comes after carbon four.

5. What is the name of this alkene?



a) 1 bromo-, 3 methyl-, heptene

The longest carbon chain is 7 carbons, making this a heptene. A methyl group is on the third carbon and a bromide atom is on the first carbon. The double bonds come after carbons one and four.

Alkynes

1. What is the name of this alkyne?



a) propyne

The longest carbon chain is 3 carbons with no additional side chains.

2. What is the name of this alkyne?



e) 2 methyl-, 2 butyne

The longest carbon chain is 4 carbons, making this a butyne. A methyl group is on the second carbon and the triple bond comes after carbon two.

3. What is the name of this alkyne?



c) 1 bromo-, 3 methyl-, 4 heptyne

The longest carbon chain is 7 carbons, making this a heptyne. A methyl group is on the third carbon, a bromide atom is on the first carbon, and the triple bond comes after carbon four.

4. What is the name of this alkyne?



b) 3 methyl-, 2 pentyne

The longest carbon chain is 5 carbons, making this a pentyne. A methyl group is on the third carbon and the triple bond comes after carbon two.

5. What is the name of this alkyne?



d) 2 pentyne

The longest carbon chain is 5 carbons, making this a pentyne. The triple bond comes after carbon two.

Structural Formulas and Isomers

1. Which of the following is not an isomer of hexane?

e) 1,4-dimethylpentane

1,4 dimethylbutane is an isomer of heptane, one too many carbons to be an isomer of hexane.

2. Which of the following is not an isomer of bromopentane?

a) 2- bromopentane
b) 3- bromopentane
c) 1 bromo-, 3 methylbutane
d) 2 bromo-, 3 methylbutane
e) 1,4-dimethylpentane

1,4 dimethylpentane is an isomer of hexane, too many carbons and no bromide atom to be found.

3. Which of the following is an isomer of butanol?

a) 2-butanol
b) 2-methyl-1-proponal
c) 2-methyl-1-proponal
d) All of the above

The hydroxyl group allows for additional isomers of butanol, because now a methyl group and a hydroxyl group can shift along the main carbon chain.

4. Which of the following is not an isomer of heptane?

c) 2,3-methylhexane

2,3-methylhexane has 8 carbons, one too many for this party.

5. Which of the following is not an isomer of octane?

c) 3-ethylheptane

3-ethylheptane has 9 carbons, one too many for this party.

Functional Groups

Match the functional group to its structural diagram:



a) Ketone
b) Aldehyde
c) Ether
d) Ester
e) Carboxylic acid 

a) ketone → 2
b) aldehyde → 1
c) ether → 4
d) ester → 5
e) carboxylic acid → 3

Macromolecules

Match the macromolecule to its structural diagram:

 

a) Protein
b) Sugar
c) Nucleotide
d) Saturated fatty acid
e) Unsaturated fatty acid

a) Protein → 1
b) Sugar → 5
c) Nucleotide → 3
d) Saturated fatty → 4
e) Unsaturated fatty acid → 2