¹ Frederick Dyer, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, 1908.

² "Population of the United States in 1860," Eighth Census of the United States, Bureau of the Census Library, Sup. Joseph C. G. Kennedy, Bureau of the Census, http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1860a-15.pdf, accessed 24 November 2008.

³ "Burnside," hyperlink, The History Place presents Abraham Lincoln, http://www.historyplace.com/lincoln/lincpix/burnside.jpg, accessed 24 November 2008.

⁴ "Confederate War Financing," 1861-1865: The Civil War, Tax History Museum, http://www.tax.org/Museum/1861-1865.htm, accessed 24 November 2008.

⁵ Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address, para. 15, delivered in Washington, DC, 4 March 1861, archived at the American Presidency Project, UC Santa Barbara, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=25818, accessed 23 December 2008.

⁶ Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, delivered Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 19 November 1863, archived by the Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/gadd/gadrft.html, accessed 23 December 2008. Note the variations between the 'Nicolay' and 'Hay' manuscript drafts.

⁷ Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, remarks upon the Confederate surrender at Appomattox, 12 April 1965, quoted in Joshua Chamberlain: The Soldier and the Man, Edward G. Longacre, (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2004), 246, http://books.google.com/books?id=LVKla6xI6v8C, accessed 23 December 2008.

⁸ Robert E. Lee, remarks at Fredericksburg, Virginia, 16 December 1862, quoted in "War so Terrible," Military Aspects of the Civil War, Stories of the Civil War, National Park Service Civil War Institute, http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/manassas/military/fredericksburg.htm, accessed 23 December 2008.

⁹ For more analysis and statistics see Bruce Catton, The Civil War (Phoenix Press, 2001); Stephen Oates, With Malice toward None: The Life of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Harper & Row, 1977); James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988); Richard B. Morris, ed., Encyclopedia of American History (New York: Harper & Row, 1976).