¹ Indian Affairs—US Department of the Interior, available online at: http://www.doi.gov/bia/.

² "Encyclopedia: American Indian Languages," History.com, available online at: http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..am084100.a.

³ Thurman Wilkins, Cherokee Tragedy: The Ridge Family and the Decimation of a People (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989), 49.

⁴ Michael Haines, Richard Hall Steckel, A Population History of the United States (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 24.

⁵ Joane Nagel, American Indian Ethnic Renewal: Red Power and the Resurgence of Identity and Culture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), 5.

⁶ "Indian Removal," PBS Resource Bank, available online at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2959.html.

⁷ Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, (Washington, D.C., 1909), 164.

⁸ Denni Dianne Woodward, "When the 'Indian' Was Mascot," Stanford Native American Cultural Center, available online at: http://nacc.stanford.edu/mascot.html.

⁹ Denni Dianne Woodward, "When the 'Indian' Was Mascot," Stanford Native American Cultural Center, available online at: http://nacc.stanford.edu/mascot.html.

¹⁰ "Chief Seattle's Message (1854), available online at: http://prop1.org/history/1776plus/1854seat.htm

¹¹ See Shepard Krech III, The Ecological Indian: Myth and History (New York: W.W. Norton, 1999).

¹² Joane Nagel, American Indian Ethnic Renewal: Red Power and the Resurgence of Identity and Culture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), 5.

¹³ Quote available online at: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/continental/knox.html.

¹⁴ Quoted in Frances Paul Prucha, American Indian Treaties: The History of a Political Anomaly (Berkeley: University of California Press), 46.

¹⁵ Kathryn E. Holland Braund, Deerskins and Duffels: The Creek Indian Trade with Anglo-America, 1685-1815 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999), 9.

¹⁶ Joseph Ellis, American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the founding of the Republic (New York: Knopf, 2007), 148.

¹⁷ Treaty of New York, 1790, available online at: http://www.tngenweb.org/cessions/17900807.html#12.

¹⁸ Stanley Elkins and Eric McKitrick, The Age of Federalism: The Early American Republic, 1788-1800 (New York: Oxford University Press), 271.

¹⁹ Quoted in Robert Hine and John Mack Faragher, The American West: A New Interpretive History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000), 177.

²⁰ Quoted in Robert Hine and John Mack Faragher, The American West: A New Interpretive History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000), 177.

²¹ Genevieve Bell and Barbara Landis, "Carlisle Indian School Research Pages," available online at: http://home.epix.net/~landis/mohican.html.

²² Quoted in Joane Nagel, American Indian Ethnic Renewal: Red Power and the Resurgence of Identity and Culture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), 116.

²³ Quoted in Stephen Cornell, The Return of the Native: American Indian Political Resurgence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), 114.

²⁴ Stephen Cornell, The Return of the Native: American Indian Political Resurgence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), 117.

²⁵ James McLaughlin to Thomas Morgan, 16 December 1890; James McLaughlin to Herbert Welsh, 12 January 1891; both available online at: http://www.primeau.org/sittingbull/mclaughlinsreportondec1890.html.

²⁶ Bobby Bridger, Buffalo Bill and Sitting Bull: Inventing the Wild West (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002), 311-325.

²⁷ John Swanson, Mato Najen, Chief Henry Standing Bear, available online at: http://moh.tie.net/content/docs/MatoNajen.pdf.

²⁸ Quoted in Frances Paul Prucha, American Indian Treaties: The History of a Political Anomaly, (Berkeley: University of California Press), 46.

²⁹ Report of Henry Knox on the Northwestern Indians (June 15, 1789), available online at: http://www.uoregon.edu/~mjdennis/courses/hist469_Knox.htm.

³⁰ Quoted in Robert Hine and John Mack Faragher, The American West: A New Interpretive History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000), 177.

³¹ "Kill the Indian, and Save the Man": Capt. Richard H. Pratt on the Education of Native Americans," History Matters, available online at: http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/4929/.

³² Quoted in Alvin M, Josephy, Jr., 500 Nations: An Illustrated History of North American Indians (New York: Knopf, 1994). Quote also available online at: http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/eyewit.html.

³³ Little Big Horn National Monument, Cheyenne Indian Memorial Panels, available online at: http://www.u.arizona.edu/~leokills/Little%20Bighorn/Little%20Bighorn%20Memorial.html.

³⁴ Reginald Laubin, Indian Dances of North America: Their Importance to Indian Life (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989), 65.