When authors refer to other great works, people, and events, it’s usually not accidental. Put on your super-sleuth hat and figure out why.
Literary and Philosophical References
- Thomas Carlyle (1.2)
- George Eliot (1.2)
- Giambattista Vico, Principj di Scienza Nuova (1.2)
- Edward Gibbon (1.6)
- The Venerable Bede (1.6)
- Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species (1.9)
- John Bunyan (1.19)
- Christina Rossetti (1.21)
- Robert Graves (2.7)
- Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy (2.16)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Faust (2.16)
- Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote (2.16)
- Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology (2.16)
- Émile Zola (2.16)
- Andrew Marvell (2.18)
- Honoré de Balzac (3.1)
- Robert Louis Stevenson (3.1)
- Augustine of Hippo (3.4)
- John Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress (3.4)
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge, "On Donne's Poetry"(3.4-5)
- John Donne (3.4)
- William Wordsworth (3.7)
- Thomas de Quincy (3.7)
- Charles Lamb (3.7)
- Germaine de Staël (3.7)
- Friedrich Schiller (3.7)
- George Henry Lewes (3.7)
- Alfred, Lord Tennyson (3.7)
- Arthur Hugh Clough (3.7)
- William Shakespeare (3.8)
- Baruch Spinoza (3.8)
- Carl Linnaeus (3.8)
- Geoffrey Chaucer (3.8)
- Edmund Spenser (3.8)
- John Milton (3.8)
- Charlotte Brontë (3.10)
- Sir Walter Scott, Marmion (3.15)
- Lord Byron, Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (3.15)
- René Descartes (3.16)
- Jane Welsh Carlyle (3.42)
- Dorothy Wordsworth (3.42)
- Roland Barthes (3.45)
- Michel Foucault (3.45)
- Honoré de Balzac, "Le Chef-d'oeuvre Inconnu"(3.46)
- François Rabelais (3.51)
- Virginia Woolf (3.51)
- John Ruskin (4.4)
- Algernon Charles Swinburne (4.4)
- George Herbert (4.6)
- William Rossetti (4.38)
- Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene (4.63)
- Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte d'Arthur (4.65)
- The Brothers Grimm (4.123)
- Ludwig Tieck (4.123)
- Mary Shelley, Frankenstein (4.123)
- Emily Dickinson (4.141)
- Sir Walter Raleigh (4.147)
- Simone Weil (4.164)
- William Butler Yeats (4.164)
- Arthur, Lord Tennyson, The Lady of Shalott (5.1-2)
- Mabel Peacock (5.113)
- Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey (5.139)
- Sir Thomas Browne (5.188)
- Friedrich Schleiermacher (5.191)
- Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass (6.22)
- Elizabeth Gaskell (6.26)
- Ralph Waldo Emerson (6.26)
- Ezra Pound (6.26)
- John Keats, "On First Looking Into Chapman's Homer" (6.29)
- William Shakespeare, Hamlet (6.36)
- Petrarch (6.40)
- Charles Dickens (6.46)
- Sigmund Freud (6.47)
- The Poetic Edda (7.1)
- John Masefield (7.1)
- Walter de la Mare (7.1)
- George Meredith (7.1)
- Dante Alighieri, Vita Nuova (7.6)
- Mary Augusta Ward (Mrs. Humphry Ward) (7.11)
- Humphry Ward (7.11)
- Jacques Lacan (8.55)
- Charlotte Mary Yonge (8.115)
- Angela Brazil (8.115)
- William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night's Dream (8.138)
- Plato (10.3)
- Ludwig Feuerbach (10.3)
- John Stuart Mill (10.3)
- Jan Swammerdam (10.3)
- Galileo Galilei (10.3)
- Jonathan Swift, Gulliver's Travels (10.3)
- Pelagius (10.7)
- Plotinus (10.27)
- William Shakespeare, Macbeth (10.45)
- William Shakespeare, The Tempest (10.52)
- John Keats, "Ode on a Grecian Urn" (10.56-57)
- William Shakespeare, King Lear (10.63)
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge, "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" (10.85)
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge, "Christabel" (10.97)
- William Wordsworth, The Prelude (10.209)
- Sir Thomas Wyatt (10.106)
- Jules Michelet (12.15)
- John Milton, Paradise Lost (12.17)
- Mary Wollstonecraft (12.41)
- Elizabeth Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers (13.2)
- George Sand (13.7)
- Willa Cather (13.7)
- Hélène Cixous (13.7)
- Luce Irigaray (13.7)
- Charlotte Brontë (13.7)
- Jean d'Arras (13.9)
- Edmund Gosse (13.16)
- Philip Gosse (13.16)
- Herman Melville, Moby-Dick (13.29)
- Henry James (13.47)
- Henry Vaughan, Silex Scintillans (13.79)
- Sir Walter Scott (14.7)
- William Shakespeare, Troilus and Cressida (15.64-65)
- Tobias Smollett, The Adventures of Roderick Random (15.66)
- Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Idylls of the King (17.90)
- George Sand (19.26)
- Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre (19.33)
- Aristotle (19.46)
- George Eliot, Silas Marner (19.52)
- Hans Christian Andersen, "The Little Mermaid"(19.329)
- Aeschylus (20.8)
- Anthony Trollope (20.42)
- Fyodor Dostoevsky (21.20)
- Henry James (21.20)
- F. Scott Fitzgerald (23.12-13)
- George Eliot, Adam Bede (23.50)
- Charles Dickens, Bleak House (24.88)
- Edith Wharton (25.17)
- Jean Racine (25.23)
- William Shakespeare, As You Like It (27.56)
- Margery Allingham (27.58)
- Edgar Allan Poe (27.62)
- Margaret Fuller (27.62)
- John Milton, Samson Agonistes (28.118)
- John Keats, "La Belle Dame Sans Merci" (Postscript: 26)
Figures from Myths, Fairy Tales, and Legends
- Proserpine (1.6)
- Ragnarök (2.2)
- Melusine (3.51)
- Rapunzel (4: Epigraph)
- Maid Marian (4.20)
- Merlin (4.65)
- The Princess and the Pea (4.167)
- Arachne (5.191)
- Mnemosyne (6.2)
- Medusa (6.2)
- Thoth (6.23)
- Fafnir (7.1)
- Guinevere (7.74)
- Pluto (7.86)
- The City of Is/Ys (8.27)
- Dahut (8.29)
- Gradlond (8.29)
- Ceres (8.55)
- The Maenads (8.55)
- Old King Cole (8.115)
- Psyche (10.17)
- Venus (10.17)
- Eros (10.21)
- Odin (10.22)
- Gangrader (10.22)
- Wafthrudnir (10.22)
- Baldur (10.22)
- Freya (10.90)
- Iduna (10.90)
- Artemis (10.129)
- Pandora (10.242)
- Snow White (12.171)
- Ases (13: Epigraph)
- Bör (13: Epigraph)
- Ymir (13: Epigraph)
- Honir (13: Epigraph)
- Loki (13: Epigraph)
- Oedipus (13.7)
- Ti'amat (13.11)
- Tiresias (13.11)
- Narcissus (13.30)
- Thor (13.46)
- The Hrimthurse (13.76)
- Scylla (16.10)
- The Hydra (16.10)
- The Sphinx (16.10)
- Raimondin (16.25)
- Lilith (19.14)
- Lug (19.35)
- Dagda (19.35)
- Taranis (19.35)
- Sir Lancelot (19.45)
- Elaine of Astolat (19.45)
- Baba Yaga (19.256)
- Morgan le Fay (19.321)
- Jack Frost (20.41)
- Hel (25.186)
- Hercules (26: Epigraph)
- Hermes (Postscript: 6)
- Maia (Postscript: 6)
Historical References
- Lord (Frederic) Leighton (1.6)
- Henry Crabb Robinson (1.12)
- Alexander Selkirk (1.19)
- Peter I of Portugal (1.19)
- Iñez de Castro (1.19)
- Walter Bagehot (1.20)
- J.M.W. Turner (1.10)
- Édouard Manet (2.16)
- George Frederic Watts (2.16)
- Leonardo da Vinci (2.17)
- Thomas Fairfax (2.18)
- Oliver Cromwell (2.18)
- Gottschalk of Orbais (3.4)
- Franz Mesmer (3.4)
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (3.4)
- Martin Luther (3.4)
- Sarah Siddons (3.8)
- Dorothea Jordan (3.8)
- Mademoiselle Mars (3.8)
- Sir Humphry Davy (3.12)
- F.R. Leavis (3.15)
- Emily Tennyson (3.42)
- The Cumaean Sibyl (4.133)
- Julius Caesar (4.137)
- Saint Etheldreda (5.6)
- Abélard and Héloïse (5.198)
- Thomas Jefferson (6.25)
- Emanuel Swedenborg (6.25)
- Charles Wesley (6.25)
- Robert Owen (6.25)
- The Marquis de Lafayette (6.25)
- Benjamin Franklin (6.25)
- Julia Margaret Cameron (6.26)
- The Fox Sisters (6.27)
- Francis Bacon (6.27)
- Robert Dale Owen (6.27)
- Georges Cuvier (6.34)
- Jules Michelet (6.34)
- Joseph Ernest Renan (6.34)
- Sir John Everett Millais (6.43)
- Holman Hunt (6.43)
- Gabriele Rossetti (6.44)
- Angela Burdett-Coutts (6.46)
- King James I of England (10.60)
- Andrew Jackson Davis (10.68)
- Daniel Dunglas Home (10.68)
- Paracelsus (10.77)
- Napoleon Bonaparte (10.96)
- Melchisédech Thévenot (11.2)
- Antoinette de Bourignon (11.2)
- George Stephenson (12.18)
- Thomas Henry Huxley (12.22)
- St. Hilda (13.75)
- Isaac Greenbury (13.104)
- Johannes Vermeer (19.31)
- Ronald Reagan (20.5)
- Sophia Cottrell (20.31)
- Edward Bulwer-Lytton (20.42)
- Nassau William Senior (20.42)
- Paul Gauguin (23.41)
- Harriet Martineau (25.3)
- Hallam Tennyson (25.6)
- Rembrandt (25.23)
- Raphael (25.23)
- Machiavelli (26.32)
- Julius Caesar (28.117)
- Mark Antony (28.117)
Pop Culture References
- Dallas (5.113)
- Dynasty (5.113)
- The Beatles (5.113)