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Molecular Genetics: Replication vs. Transcription 351 Views
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Transcript
- 00:16
Okay, we're back with Shmoop Biology, and we're talking about transcription and RNA processing with Dr. Ruth.
- 00:23
So what are some similarities and differences between transcription and replication?
- 00:32
They both start with a DNA template.
- 00:36
They both involve a polymerase, so either DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase.
- 00:41
They both form new molecules that are composed of nucleotides.
Full Transcript
- 00:46
So those are some of the similarities.
- 00:48
Differences? I think the main ones... One is that DNA replication happens over the whole genome, right? Like, all the DNA needs to be replicated when a cell divides.
- 00:55
Whereas only certain genes get turned on and transcribed at certain times.
- 00:59
So for transcription, the polymerase really needs to know where to start and where to stop.
- 01:04
For replication, it's kind of just...do the whole thing.
- 01:07
So that's really interesting. So this is, in the 23 chromosomes, it's gonna hop, and there's some that are just not lit up when it's transcribing?
- 01:15
Yeah. There are tons of genes on each of our chromosomes. So there's probably a few on each chromosome at any given time.
- 01:20
But, you know, if a cell is dividing, a certain set of genes will be turned on.
- 01:25
If a cell is just kind of sitting there, then it's gonna be a different set of genes.
- 01:28
And it just skips over it, like you're in the express, not the local train.
- 01:35
Another five-dollar word: what is a poly-A tail?
- 01:40
So that's another important difference between transcription and DNA replication.
- 01:44
RNA gets processed after it's made. So you go through the process of transcription, and you end up with an RNA molecule that isn't really mature...
- 01:50
You need to get some changes to it. And one of those changes is you have to add on a tail to the end of it.
- 01:55
It's a bunch of A nucleotides.
- 01:58
So these are just placeholders so that everything matches up sequentially?
- 02:02
It's basically added to the end. So it doesn't really need to match up, but there's just a sequence at the end.
- 02:05
To be honest with you, I have no idea what those do... sorry!
- 02:07
Ha, okay, then it can't be that important. PhD here...don't worry about it.
- 02:12
And that's it for Lesson 7. We're gonna move on to the next one.
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