Men's vs. Women's
The biggest differences between men's and women's track are the times and distances involved. Both men and women do the same sorts of events. For example, in the 400-meter hurdles, men need a time of 51 seconds to get a scholarship to a D-I school, while women need 60 seconds. For the long jump, it's 24'6" for men, and 19'6" for women. For hammer, it's 210 feet for men and 170 feet for women (source).
But these are ridiculous numbers no matter what your gender, if you ask us.
The event differences come principally in the combined events. These are the decathlon, heptathlon, and pentathlon. The names are from the Greek, so there's a spoiler for all those Ancient Greek speakers out there. The decathlon is ten events, the heptathlon is seven, and the pentathlon is five.
Only men do the decathlon at the moment and only women do the pentathlon (source). There's a slight difference in the exact events that comprise the two different heptathlons. Here's the thing: if you're thinking, "I want to do an -athlon of some kind," you probably don't care exactly what the differences are. You're a crazy person. And we applaud that.